In a fraction of the population, obesity is due to rare mutations in single genes or chromosomal abnormalities, which typically result in early-onset & extreme obesity. Rare, high-risk genetic variations in roughly two dozen genes are known to cause monogenic obesity (Chung, 2012; Pigeyre et al., 2016).
Many of the genes identified for Monogenic Obesity disrupt the regulatory system of appetite & weight.
Autosomal Dominant
1.SIM1 ( Single Minded Drosophila Homologue 1) gene
2.NTRK2 (Neutropic Tyrosine Receptor Type 2) gene
3.KSR2 (Kinase Suppressor of Ras 2) gene
4.CPE (Carboxy Peptidase E) gene
5.BDNF (Brain Derived Neutropic Factor) gene
6.SH2B1 (Src Homology 2 B Adaptor Protein) gene
Autosomal Recessive
1.LEP (Leptin) gene
2.LEPR (Leptin Receptor) gene
3.POMC (Pro Opio Melano Cortin) gene
4.PCSK1 (Pro Convertase 1) gene
5.TUB (Tubby bipartite transcription factor or Tubby Homologue of Mouse) gene
Autosomal Dominant/Recessive
1.MC4R (Melano-Cortin 4 Receptor) gene
2.RAI1 (Retinoic Acid Induced 1 ) gene or RIG I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I)